Prescribing of Hypnotics

This policy sets out how the practice prescribes hypnotic medication (including zopiclone, promethazine) to ensure prescribing is safe, evidence-based, and compliant with national guidance and professional standards, while supporting patients with insomnia appropriately.

Zopiclone and other Z-drugs:

  • Are not treatments for chronic insomnia
  • Are intended for short-term use only

Should be prescribed rarely, briefly, and with a clear stop plan

A short course of a hypnotic may be considered only when all of the following apply:

  • Insomnia is severe, causing significant distress or daytime functional impairment
  • Non-pharmacological measures have been tried or are insufficient
  • The expected benefits outweigh the known risks
  • A time-limited plan, including a stop date, is agreed and documented

Examples may include short-term crisis insomnia (e.g. acute bereavement or acute illness).

When prescribed:

  • Use the lowest effective dose (usually 3.75–7.5 mg nocte)
  • Prescribe for the shortest possible duration
  • Maximum total duration: 2–4 weeks, including any taper
  • No automatic repeats
  • A clear review and stop date must be documented in the clinical record

The practice will generally not:

  • Initiate or continue hypnotics for chronic insomnia
  • Issue open-ended or indefinite repeat prescriptions
  • Escalate doses due to tolerance
  • Continue prescribing where risks outweigh benefits or where safe-prescribing standards cannot be met

Requests for long-term or repeated hypnotic use outside this policy will be declined with explanation and alternative support offered.

 

Page last reviewed: 17 February 2026
Page created: 17 February 2026